Top 10 Programming Languages to learn in 2023

As a beginner in computer science or engineering, choosing a programming language can be overwhelming. There are many languages available for a wide range of purposes, including software development, hardware systems, web scripting, artificial intelligence, and data science.

It is important to choose a language that aligns with your interests and goals, rather than simply learning a language that may not be relevant to your desired career path.

In this blog post, I will share my thoughts on the top 10 programming languages worth learning in 2023 and provide some key factors to consider when selecting a language to master.

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO MASTER.

There are several factors to consider when choosing a programming language to master.

Firstly, you should consider the field or area you wish to specialize in and choose a language that is top-ranked in that area. Some popular domains include web and mobile app development, game development, desktop/enterprise application development, cloud computing, cybersecurity, data science, machine learning, deep learning, and robotics.

The syntax of a language, or how statements are written, is also important to consider as a beginner. Some languages may have easier or more intuitive syntax, making them easier to code and understand.

Popularity is another factor to consider, as a larger community of developers learning the same language may be able to offer more help and support when you encounter problems or have questions.

Finally, you should consider the demands of the job market, including the availability of jobs that utilize your chosen language and the salary offered for those positions.

Python
- Beginner friendly
- Supports Object-Oriented Programming
- Very popular
- Python is in high demand in the job market due the increase in data science and machine learning jobs worldwide with an average salary of $103, 587
- Python has a very active community and support.

- Main Use Cases:
  - Data Science
  - Artificial Intelligence
  - Web Development
  - Frameworks: Django, Flask, Pyramid, Tornado, web2py
- Companies relying on Python:
  - YouTube, Instagram, Flipkart are some of the websites developed using Python.
  - Nasa, Google, Red Hat, etc. use powerful Python libraries/packages to yield high-quality performance.

JavaScript
- Widely used in web development for front-end and back-end programming
- Supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for JavaScript developers is $117,000

- Main Use Cases:

- - Web development
  - Mobile app development (with frameworks like React Native)
  - Game development (with frameworks like Phaser)
  - Frameworks: React, Angular, Vue, Express

- Companies using JavaScript:
  - Almost all websites use JavaScript for their front-end interactivity
  - Netflix, Uber, and Asana use JavaScript for their web and mobile development

PHP
- Widely used in web development for server-side programming
- Supports object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms
- Average salary for PHP developers is $92,000
  - Main Use Cases:
    - Backend web development
    - Content management systems (WordPress)
    - Frameworks: Laravel, Symfony, CodeIgniter, CakePHP
  - Companies using PHP:
    - PHP is used by over 80% of websites for their server-side programming
    - Facebook, Wikipedia, and Yahoo all use PHP for their web development

Kotlin
- Developed by JetBrains as a more concise and expressive alternative to Java
- Supports object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for Kotlin developers is $105,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Android app development
  - Backend development
  - Server-side development
- Companies using Kotlin:
  - Google officially supported Kotlin as a first-class language for Android app development in 2019
  - Pinterest, Coursera, and Trello have also adopted Kotlin for their mobile app development

Ruby
- High-level language with a focus on simplicity and productivity
- Supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for Ruby developers is $110,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Web development
  - Scripting
  - Prototyping
  - Frameworks: Ruby on Rails, Sinatra, Padrino, Cuba
- Companies using Ruby:
  - Airbnb, Hulu, and Kickstarter.

C#
- Developed by Microsoft as an extension of C and C++
- Supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for C# developers is $100,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Windows app development
  - Game development
  - Web development
  - Frameworks: .NET, ASP.NET, Xamarin, Unity
- Companies using C#:
  - Microsoft uses C# for their Windows operating system and various applications
  - Unity Technologies, the popular game engine, uses C# as their primary scripting language

Java
- Widely used in enterprise and web applications
- Supports object-oriented and functional programming paradigms
- Has a large, active community and strong support
- Average salary for Java developers is $104,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Android app development
  - Backend web development
  - Big data
  - Frameworks: Spring Boot, Hibernate, Java Server Faces, Play, Struts
- Companies using Java:
  - Amazon, eBay, and LinkedIn use Java for their backend systems and data processing
  - Android operating system is also built on Java
  - IBM, Oracle, and Sybase rely on Java for their middleware solutions”

C++
- High-performance language often used in system programming and game development
- Supports object-oriented and procedural programming paradigms
- Average salary for C++ developers is $117,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Operating systems
  - Drivers
  - Frameworks: Qt, Boost, SFML, Ogre, CEGUI
- High-performance applications
  - Companies using C++:
  - Microsoft Windows and Google Chrome are built using C++
  - Adobe Systems, Autodesk, and Cisco use C++ for their software development

Go
- Developed by Google as a simple and efficient language for system programming
- Supports procedural and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for Go developers is $125,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Distributed systems
  - Network servers
  - Web applications
  - Frameworks: Gin, Echo, Beego, Revel
- Companies using Go:
  - Google uses Go for their internal infrastructure and many of their open-source projects
  - Docker, Dropbox, and SoundCloud have also adopted Go for their infrastructure and server-side development

Rust
- Developed by Mozilla as a safer and faster alternative to C and C++
- Supports object-oriented, procedural, and functional programming paradigms
- Average salary for Rust developers is $120,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - System programming
  - Game development
  - Embedded systems
  - Frameworks: Nickel, Rocket, Actix-web, Iron
- Companies using Rust:
  - Mozilla uses Rust for many of their core projects and tools
  - Microsoft, Dropbox, and Postmates have also adopted Rust for their high-performance needs.

Dart
- Developed by Google as a fast and expressive language for building beautiful cross-platform apps
- Supports object-oriented, functional, and reactive programming paradigms
- Average salary for Flutter developers is $108,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Cross-platform mobile app development
  - Web app development (with AngularDart)
  - Frameworks: Flutter, AngularDart
- Companies using Flutter:
  - Google uses Flutter for their own app development and has also made it the recommended choice for Android app development
  - Alibaba, eBay, and Groupon have also adopted Flutter for their mobile app development.

TypeScript
- Superset of JavaScript that adds optional static typing and class-based object-oriented programming
- Average salary for TypeScript developers is $119,000
- Main Use Cases:
  - Large scale web development
  - Mobile app development (with frameworks like React Native and NativeScript)
- TypeScript frameworks:
  - Angular, Vue, and Express have official support for TypeScript
  - Other popular frameworks like NestJS and Next.js also use TypeScript heavily.